"" 

I suggest the following problems be added to the list of the grand challenges. 1. Earth warming problem 2. Energy shortage problem 3. Desert modification 4. Power supply after catastrophe 2008-08-30 no.3

"" 

Behind grand challenges are vital problems for human beings. I classify these problems into 3 types: Type 1: The problem that if we canˇ¦t solve it then it may result in the extinction of human beings. The earth warming problem is the representative. Type 2: The problem that if we canˇ¦t solve it then it may result in the loss of tens of millions of human lifes. The world energy shortage problem is the representative. Type 3: Those problem that its solution can dramatically improve our life quality. In this type, we have various problems from different aspects. It is interesting to notice that the most vital problem ˇ§the earth warming problemˇ¨ is not on the list, instead, it is replaced by the challenge ˇ§develop carbon sequenstration methodsˇ¨. Besides, the ˇ§World energy shortageˇ¨ problem is also not on the list. It is replaced by two challenges: 1. Make solar energy economical, and 2. Provide energy from fusion. The earth warming problem may result in the extinction of human beings. Nevertheless, voting result indicates that top two most important grand challenges are ˇ§Make Solar Energy Economicalˇ¨ and ˇ§Provide Energy From Fusionˇ¨. It is worthwhile to point out that most scientists who voted have nothing related to these two challenges in their research works. Most of them are strangers to these two challenges. Neither the challenge ˇ§Make solar energy economicalˇ¨ nor the challenge ˇ§Provide energy from fusionˇ¨ attracts scientists to cast their votes for them. In fact, it is the illusion that these two challenges will solve the ˇ§World energy shortageˇ¨ problem. Also, challenge ˇ§develop carbon sequenstration methodsˇ¨ is ranked high. Voters thought that the success of this challenge will solve the earth warming problem. Here comes the question: Do we make the right descriptions about these two problems and do we make the right voting? My interpretation about the ˇ§World energy shortage problemˇ¨ is as follows. In the forseeable future, we will run out of oil. Therfore, we need to find new methods to generate enough power that are currently generated by using oil. I disagree to replace the world energy shortage problem by challenges ˇ§Make solar energy economicalˇ¨ and ˇ§Provide energy from fusionˇ¨. The reasons are as follows. 1. ˇ§Make solar energy economicalˇ¨ is not equivalent to ˇ§The world energy shortage problemˇ¨. With the limitation of the sun light, solar energy canˇ¦t supply power all day long and in a stable way. 2. The feasibility of ˇ§Provide energy from fusionˇ¨ is still unknown so far. Being able to show its feasibility is already a very big break through. Donˇ¦t mention that to use it to generate the power. So far, scientists still donˇ¦t have much knowledge in this area. It is a very strange decision to replace a simpler problem by a harder problem. 3. Replacing the world energy shortage problem by challenges ˇ§Make solar energy economicalˇ¨ and ˇ§Provide energy from fusionˇ¨ apparently depreciates energy generating researches using other approaches. No evidence indicates that these two challenges are superior and they are the right ways to solve the energy shortage problem. 4. Politicians may get the wrong impression that ˇ§Make solar energy economicalˇ¨ and ˇ§Provide energy from fusionˇ¨ are the two best approaches to solve the energy shortage problem. The side effects are that politicians might make very wrong policies and make wrong decision while allocating researching budget. 5. Lots of young scientists may get the wrong impression and be attracted to these two areas and devoted themselves to attack the challenges. If intrinsically, these two challenges are not the right direction to solve the energy shortage problem, then, this will cause a big waste of talented brains. I also disagree to replace the ˇ§Earth warming problemˇ¨ by the challenge of ˇ§develop carbon sequenstration methodsˇ¨. They are not equivalent. Earth warming problem is much harder than this challenge. Understanding the problem is the first step to solve the problem. Once a prospective scientist understands the problem, sometimes, in order to solve the problem easily, he may try to transform the original problem into another form (using well understood model), and then solve it. Very often, different scientists transform a common problem into different forms. It is scientistsˇ¦ responsibility to decide whether or not to transform it into another problem domain. Faithfully describe the original problem is the best policy. 2008_08_26 no.2

"" 

NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR DISASTER-MEDICINE IN THE POOREST COUNTRIES COMPUTERED DEVICES FOR MULTIPATIENT RESUSCITATION. SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENTS IN MOSCOW & KIEV. THE RUSSIAN & UKRAINIAN MEDICINE AUTHORITIES DONT KNOW WHAT TO DO WITH THIS INVENTION. WHO INVEST THE MONEY IN THE MEDICINE OF THE FUTURE?! SMALL INVESTMENT IS REALLY CHANCE FOR THE PEOPLE IN DISASTER SITUATION. SOME DEVICES IS WORKING IN CRIMEA IN SURGERY AND NEONATOLOGY. THE BEST RESULTS WERE OBTAINED ON MORE THEN 3000 PATIENTS ( ADULTS & NEWBORNS). ALL DEVICES ARE PATENTED IN UKRAINE. DISASTER RESUSCITATION SERVICE NOW CANNOT HELP FOR THE VICTIMS IN MANY EXTRAHOSPITAL SITUATIONS – OUR DEVISEC CAN DO IT FOR 1-2-3-4 AND MORE VICTIMS USING ONLY ONE DEVICE. 1/. NEW KIND OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN DISASTER MEDICINE. Patent of Ukraine 2004. Authors proposition for collaboration in Disaster Medicine. 4 situations when rescuer is not able to help Situation # 1. Special rescue team could not reach the severe traumatized patient. Only one of them able to do it. The patient is not breathing well. Artificial lung ventilation must be performed. How to save him? Our answer: WE CAN DO IT! Situation # 2. Special resue team with helicopter has found the severe traumatized patient. Only one rescuer able to descend in ground. The patient is not breathing well. Artificial lung ventilation must be performed. How to save him? Our answer: WE CAN DO IT! Situation # 3. The twins are delivered in a very small house in a mountain village. Two of them are suffering of severe respiratory distress syndrome. How to save them? For the newborns with RDS there is a special respiratory program. But what can do the neonatologist habituated to special neonatal ventilators? Our answer: WE CAN DO IT! Situation # 4. Terrorist action in hospital. There are many different wounded people. How to help them? Our answer: WE CAN DO IT! In disaster no possibility to help the wounded people with traditional remedies. Inventor has own computer program to perform mechanical ventilation in newborns & adults. The Best American ventilator costs about 50000 $. Inventor has one in Crimea for 1000$ with the best results of ventilation. These inventions able do resuscitation in any place in any age effectively and cheaply. NB. DISPOSABLE RESUSCITATOR IN DANGEROUSLY INFECTED PLACES. INVENTOR MORE THEN 20 YEARS IS USING DIFFERENT MODELS "IMPULSAR".

"" 

Seawater Greenhouse is the solution for fresh water shortage! www.seawatergreenhouse.co m

"" 

Transfer out the energy of Earth gravity is the only way to solve the world energy shortage and the Earth warming problems at rhe same time and is the cheapest way. These are very special problems, therefore, it may take a very "special person" (may be not a special research team) to solve it. Why not post a challenge to quest for the solution. The result may surprise every one of you.

"" 

Transfer out the energy of Earth gravity is the only way to solve the world energy shortage and the Earth warming problems at the same and is the cheapest way. These are very special problems, therefore, it may take a very "special person" (may be not a special research team) to solve it. Why not post a challenge to quest for the solution. The result may surprise every one of you.

"" 

Compressed air (open hardware) motor and vehicles.

"" 

A challenge I didn't see was the development of more efficient/better alternative fuels (whether it be biofuels, hydrogen, etc.). While fusion seems to be a viable long-term solution to replace coal/oil for energy, we need to have a stop-gap solution on the automotive side. Furthermore, plastic products made from fossil fuels are piling up in landfills. Engineered biodegradable polymers or plastics made from biofuels could lead to sustainability.

"" 

Alternative energy sources were mentioned on the list but there are many more than just solar and fusion. While fusion has tremendous potential it could still be a long way off so in the mean time other forms need to be developed. Wind power is just beginning to become popular and has shown to provide large amounts of power but it requires a large area. Biodiesel from secondary agricultural products or from algae is a viable alternative, but it also has it drawbacks. Hydrogen fuel cells could be used to power vehicles and hydrogen could be a great way of storing energy during times of excess production from solar cells and wind turbines. All of these are viable alternatives but with further engineering developments their implementation and efficiency could greatly increase.

"" 

The importance of good infrastructure for a city is under-rated. When I lived in Portland, OR the bus system was great and I rarely drove. I now live farther south and riding the train or bus up to Portland to visit family isn't really an option because of the infrequency or unavailability of public transportation. My only option is to drive and hope to car pool. A short train trip between towns like in Europe would be much more ideal.